CLICK HERE TO READ MORE. JOSEPH W. MCPHERSON'S THE ARK AND THE DOVE; If in the more than 44 years of Elizabeth' s rule Catholicism was not totally uprooted, much credit must go to William Allen, later Cardinal Allen. Resigning his position at Oxford rather than take the oath of supremacy, he saw that the continued existence of the Church would depend on a continuous supply of priests to say Mass, distribute communion, and hear confessions. Such a supply could not be found in England; therefore, seminaries had to be founded on the continent where Englishmen, called to be priests, could be trained and prepared for the work in their homeland.\par They established a school at St. Omer s in France for Catholic laymen as well as for Jesuits. Soon a relatively small number of men had upset Cecil s plan and sparked a revival of Catholicism wherever they went. These priests showed the small Catholic minority an alternative to the ways of apostacy or conspiracy to which their desperate circumstances might naturally lead them. They recalled to them the way of holiness which was the whole and true purpose of the Church, and many cheerfully and generously undertook to follow it though its path often meant poverty, disgrace, exile, imprisonment and death. JOSEPH W. MCPHERSON\par Cecil' s policy of not creating martyrs was shelved and a vast spy network was organized to hunt down the seminary priests and Jesuits and to punish those who aided them. Up to the later years of Elizabeth' s rule, there had been an uneasy alliance between the two major factions within Protestantism. The Anglicans followed the Lutheran doctrine of state supremacy and tolerated a good deal of ceremonial, while the Puritans shared the Calvinist belief that the Church should only be subject to godly men and that the state s role was to carry out the Christian rule of life laid down by the godly men of the Church. Both agreed in their view of the Pope as the anti-Christ and the Mass as idolatry. With the reemergence of a new vitality in the small Catholic remnant, the Puritans began to fear a Romanizing trend among the Anglicans. The alliance weakened and the Puritans began a major assault on the Anglican church. This assault was strongly resisted by Elizabeth' s successor, James, who harbored no fond memories of the Puritans of his native Scotland. That he tolerated the Popish religion, i.e. was not hard enough on it, was one of the strongest charges that the Puritans could lay against him and later against his son Charles I, whose French Wife, Henrietta Marie, was Catholic. The Puritan-dominated Parliament foisted strong anti-Catholic laws upon King Charles, petitioning him on March 31, 1628 for more rigorous execution of the recusancy laws and passing an act against sending any beyond the seas to be Popishly bred. T H E A R K A N D T H E D O V E - N O . 1 2 8 The Puritans soon began their own city on a hill across the Atlantic in New England so that all might witness the godly principles of Church and State free from all Popish contamination. But they would not give up the goal of extirpating Catholicism and all that reminded them of it from their native England.\par 12 JOSEPH W. MCPHERSON MARYLAND It was from this England of Charles I that the Ark and the Dove set sail. The tide of Puritanism was steadily rising and would topple the monarchy itself in 15 years, placing England under complete Puritan domination for 12 years during which even the celebration of Christmas would be abolished. These events and movements in the mother country would also affect the lives of the passengers of the Ark and the Dove, but not before new roots for the Catholic Church were to take hold in the land that would become the United States of America. As the Ark and the Dove set sail on that November day in 1633, the passengers committed the principal parts of their ship to the protection of God especially, and of his Holy Mother, and St. Ignatius, and all the guardian angels of Maryland.\rdblquote They prayed for a safe voyage, if it were Gods will, to their new home across the sea, but more than that they prayed that the events on this voyage would lead them further on their journey through life to their true home of Heaven. As Catholics, they committed their ship to Mary, the Mother of God, hope of Christians, to St. Ignatius, founder of the Society of Jesus, whose members had done so much \par 13 \par T H E A R K A N D T H E D O V E - N O . 1 2 8 to restore hope among English Catholics and two of whom were on board as chaplains to the expedition, to all their guardian angels and those of their new home which would be called Maryland. The name Maryland would be a name that would stick in any good Puritan throat for it was the Catholic devotion to the Mother of God that, next to Catholic belief in transubstantiation and allegiance to the spiritual supremacy of the Pope, that Puritans found most obnoxious. But George Calvert, the first Baron Baltimore, who more than anyone had been responsible for the expedition to Maryland, though he died two years before the Ark and Dove set sail, had cleverly added another meaning to the name which Puritans could not attack without being thought somewhat treasonous. When Calvert presented his carefully worded charter to Charles I, he left the name blank. When Charles asked what name he would give his new colony, Calvert responded with the rather incongruous name Crescentia which the king did not consider very appealing. Calvert was quick to suggest that perhaps the new colony could be named after the Queen, Henrietta Marie, who was called by the more familiar Mary in England. After Charles suggestion of Mariana was deemed inappropriate when Calvert reminded him of the Spanish theologian by that name who condoned regicide, Maryland was settled upon, a name of the King s own choosing. Not for nothing had this George Calvert risen to such a high position in the world of affairs. JOSEPH W. MCPHERSON George Calvert was born in 1580, the year of the Jesuit invasion as Cecil styled the entry into England of Fathers Campion and Persons. His mother, Alice Crossland, was the heiress of an ancient Yorkshire family whose arms of a red and silver botonee cross attested to an ancestor who had fought in the Crusades centuries before. Alice Crossland was also a recusant and was jailed and fined numerous times for her refusal to conform to the Church of England. George' s father, Leonard Calvert, was one of those energetic men from the yeomanry who were laying the foundations for England's future as a world power. He was a prosperous sheep herder, selling both wool and mutton in the booming markets of the day. As a practical man making his way in the world, it was natural for him to conform to the new state religion. His son too would conform. The prosperous father sent his son first to Oxford, where he received his bachelor of arts degree in 1597, and then on a grand tour of the Continent to complete his education. Young Calvert entered government service, catching the eye of Sir Robert Cecil, son of the late William who served as Elizabeth s and James Secretary of State.

 If in the more than 44 years of Elizabeth' s rule Catholicism was not totally uprooted, much credit must go to William Allen, later Cardinal Allen. Resigning his position at Oxford rather than take the oath of supremacy, he saw that the continued existence of the Church would depend on a continuous supply of priests to say Mass, distribute communion, and hear confessions. Such a supply could not be found in England; therefore, seminaries had to be founded on the continent where Englishmen, called to be priests, could be trained and prepared for the work in their homeland.\par
They established a school at St. Omer s in France for Catholic laymen as well as for Jesuits. Soon a relatively small number of men had upset Cecil s plan and sparked a revival of Catholicism wherever they went. These priests showed the small Catholic minority an alternative to the ways of apostacy or conspiracy to which their desperate circumstances might naturally lead them. They recalled to them the way of holiness which was the whole and true purpose of the Church, and many cheerfully and generously undertook to follow it though its path often meant poverty, disgrace, exile, imprisonment and death.

JOSEPH W. MCPHERSON\par
Cecil' s policy of not creating martyrs was shelved and a vast spy network was organized to hunt down the seminary priests and Jesuits and to punish those who aided them. Up to the later years of Elizabeth' s rule, there had been an uneasy alliance between the two major factions within Protestantism. The Anglicans followed the Lutheran doctrine of state supremacy and tolerated a good deal of ceremonial, while the Puritans shared the Calvinist belief that the Church should only be subject to godly men and that the state s role was to carry out the Christian rule of life laid down by the godly men of the Church. Both agreed in their view of the Pope as the anti-Christ and the Mass as idolatry. With the reemergence of a new vitality in the small Catholic remnant, the Puritans began to fear a  Romanizing  trend among the Anglicans. The alliance weakened and the Puritans began a major assault on the Anglican church. This assault was strongly resisted by Elizabeth' s successor, James, who harbored no fond memories of the Puritans of his native Scotland. That he tolerated  the Popish religion, i.e. was not hard enough on it, was one of the strongest charges that the Puritans could lay against him and later against his son Charles I, whose French Wife, Henrietta Marie, was Catholic. The Puritan-dominated Parliament foisted strong anti-Catholic laws upon King Charles, petitioning him on March 31, 1628 for more rigorous execution of the recusancy laws and passing an act  against sending any beyond the seas to be Popishly bred.

T H E A R K A N D T H E D O V E - N O . 1 2 8
The Puritans soon began their own  city on a hill  across the Atlantic in New England so that all might witness the godly principles of Church and State free from all Popish contamination. But they would not give up the goal of extirpating Catholicism and all that reminded them of it from their native England.\par
12
JOSEPH W. MCPHERSON
MARYLAND
It was from this England of Charles I that the Ark and the Dove set sail. The tide of Puritanism was steadily rising and would topple the monarchy itself in 15 years, placing England under complete Puritan domination for 12 years during which even the celebration of Christmas would be abolished. These events and movements in the mother country would also affect the lives of the passengers of the Ark and the Dove, but not before new roots for the Catholic Church were to take hold in the land that would become the United States of America. As the Ark and the Dove set sail on that November day in 1633, the passengers committed  the principal parts of their ship to the protection of God especially, and of his Holy Mother, and St. Ignatius, and all the guardian angels of Maryland.\rdblquote  They prayed for a safe voyage, if it were Gods will, to their new home across the sea, but more than that they prayed that the events on this voyage would lead them further on their journey through life to their true home of Heaven. As Catholics, they committed their ship to Mary, the Mother of God, hope of Christians, to St. Ignatius, founder of the Society of Jesus, whose members had done so much \par
13 \par
T H E A R K A N D T H E D O V E - N O . 1 2 8
to restore hope among English Catholics and two of whom were on board as chaplains to the expedition, to all their guardian angels and those of their new home which would be called Maryland. The name Maryland would be a name that would stick in any good Puritan throat for it was the Catholic devotion to the Mother of God that, next to Catholic belief in transubstantiation and allegiance to the spiritual supremacy of the Pope, that Puritans found most obnoxious. But George Calvert, the first Baron Baltimore, who more than anyone had been responsible for the expedition to Maryland, though he died two years before the Ark and Dove set sail, had cleverly added another meaning to the name which Puritans could not attack without being thought somewhat treasonous. When Calvert presented his carefully worded charter to Charles I, he left the name blank. When Charles asked what name he would give his new colony, Calvert responded with the rather incongruous name  Crescentia which the king did not consider very appealing. Calvert was quick to suggest that perhaps the new colony could be named after the Queen, Henrietta Marie, who was called by the more familiar Mary in England. After Charles  suggestion of  Mariana was deemed inappropriate when Calvert reminded him of the Spanish theologian by that name who condoned regicide, Maryland was settled upon, a name of the King s own choosing.  Not for nothing had this George Calvert risen to such a high position in the world of affairs.


JOSEPH W. MCPHERSON
George Calvert was born in 1580, the year of the  Jesuit invasion as Cecil styled the entry into England of Fathers Campion and Persons. His mother, Alice Crossland, was the heiress of an ancient Yorkshire family whose arms of a red and silver botonee cross attested to an ancestor who had fought in the Crusades centuries before. Alice Crossland was also a recusant and was jailed and fined numerous times for her refusal to conform to the Church of England. George' s father, Leonard Calvert, was one of those energetic men from the yeomanry who were laying the foundations for England's future as a world power. He was a prosperous sheep herder, selling both wool and mutton in the booming markets of the day. As a practical man making his way in the world, it was natural for him to conform to the new state religion. His son too would conform. The prosperous father sent his son first to Oxford, where he received his bachelor of arts degree in 1597, and then on a grand tour of the Continent to complete his education. Young Calvert entered government service, catching the eye of Sir Robert Cecil, son of the late William who served as Elizabeth s and James  Secretary of State.